Overzichtsartikel name richtte op rust, hakverhoging, rekken en versterken van de kuitmusculatuur. Ondanks de verschillen tussen de behandelmethodes verminderen bij het merendeel van de behandelde patiënten de klachten relatief snel. Desalniettemin is het op basis van de huidige literatuur niet mogelijk de optimale behandeling voor patiënten met de ziekte van Sever te bepalen. Toekomstige studies zullen zich in ieder geval moeten richten op de momenteel toegepaste behandelingen, aangezien elk een verlichting van de klachten geeft. Vergelijkende studies, bij voorkeur gerandomiseerd, zullen noodzakelijk zijn om antwoorden te verschaffen over welk behandelregime de voorkeur heeft. Referenties 1. Micheli LJ. The traction apophysitises. Clin Sports Med 1987;6:389-404. 2. Sever JW. Apophysitis of the os calcis. New York Medical Journal 1912;95:1025-1029. 3. Micheli LJ, Ireland ML. Prevention and management of calcaneal apophysitis in children: an overuse syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 1987;7:34-38. 4. Micheli LJ, Fehlandt AF, Jr. Overuse injuries to tendons and apophyses in children and adolescents. Clin Sports Med 1992;11:713-726. 5. Scharfbillig RW, Jones S, Scutter SD. Sever’s disease: what does the literature really tell us? J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2008;98:212-223. 6. Manusov EG, Lillegard WA, Raspa RF, Epperly TD. Evaluation of pediatric foot problems: Part II. The hindfoot and the ankle. Am Fam Physician 1996;54:1012-26, 1031. 7. Orava S, Virtanen K. Osteochondroses in athletes. Br J Sports Med 1982;16:161-168. 8. Price RJ, Hawkins RD, Hulse MA, Hodson A. The Football Association medical research programme: an Audit of injuries in academy youth football. Br J Sports Med 2004;38:466-471. 9. Brantigan CO. Calcaneal apophysitis. One of the growing pains of adolescence. Rocky Mt Med J 1972;69:59-60. 10. Kaeding CC, Whitehead R. Musculoskeletal injuries in adolescents. Prim Care 1998;25:211-223. 11. Dalgleish M. Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever’s disease) clinically based treatment. Sports Med 1990;June:15-16. 12. Micheli LJ, Fehlandt AF. Overuse tendon injuries in pediatric sports medicine. Sports Med Arthros Rev 1996;4:190. 13. Volpon JB, de Carvalho FG. Calcaneal apophysitis: a quantitative radiographic evaluation of the secondary ossifi cation center. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2002;122:338-341. 14. Krantz MK. Calcaneal apophysitis: a clinical and roentgenologic study. J Am Podiatry Assoc 1965;55:801-807. 15. Madden CC, Mellion MB. Sever’s disease and other causes of heel pain in adolescents. Am Fam Physician 1996;54:1995-2000. 16. Peck DM. Apophyseal injuries in the young athlete. Am Fam Physician 1995;51:1891-1898. 17. Ogden JA, Ganey TM, Hill JD, Jaakkola JI. Sever’s injury: a stress fracture of the immature calcaneal metaphysis. J Pediatr Orthop 2004;24:488-492. 18. Perhamre S, Lundin F, Norlin R, Klassbo M. Sever’s injury; treat it with a heel cup: a randomized, crossover study with two insole alternatives. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010. 19. Perhamre S, Janson S, Norlin R, Klassbo M. Sever’s injury: treatment with insoles provides effective pain relief. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010. 20. Cassas KJ, Cassettari-Wayhs A. Childhood and adolescent sports-related overuse injuries. Am Fam Physician 2006;73:1014-1022. 21. Rachel JN, Williams JB, Sawyer JR, Warner WC, Kelly DM. Is radiographic evaluation necessary in children with a clinical diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis (sever disease)? J Pediatr Orthop 2011;31:548-550. 22. Kose O. Do we really need radiographic assessment for the diagnosis of non-specifi c heel pain (calcaneal apophysitis) in children? Skeletal Radiol 2010;39:359-361. 23. McKenzie DC, Taunton JE, Clement DB, Smart GW, McNicol KL. Calcaneal epiphysitis in adolescent athletes. Can J Appl Sport Sci 1981;6:123-125. 24. Hendrix CL. Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease). Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2005;22:55-62, vi. 25. Szames SE, Forman WM, Oster J, Eleff JC, Woodward P. Sever’s disease and its relationship to equinus: a statistical analysis. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1990;7:377-384. 26. Scharfbillig RW, Jones S, Scutter S. Sever’s disease- Does it effect quality of life? The Foot 2009;19:36-43. 27. Sitati FC, Kingori J. Chronic bilateral heel pain in a child with Sever disease: case report and review of literature. Cases J 2009;2:9365. 28. Weiner DS, Morscher M, Dicintio MS. Calcaneal apophysitis: simple diagnosis, simpler treatment. J Fam Pract 2007;56:352-355. 29. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328:1490. 30. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:401-406. 31. Boulware LE, Marinopoulos S, Phillips KA et al. Systematic review: the value of the periodic health evaluation. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:289300. 32. Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH et al. Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an american college of chest physicians task force. Chest 2006;129:174-181. 33. Simon HE, Williamson B. Epiphysitis of the Os Calcis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1939;21:1015-1019. 34. RHINE I, LOCKE RK. Apophysitis of the calcaneus. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1952;51:441-447. 18 Sport & Geneeskunde | maart 2013 | nummer 1 Pagina 17
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